Husband-Wife Dynamics in 1 Peter 3:1–7: A Contextual Application to the Hema Marriage Culture in Northeastern DRC

Abstract

This study examines husband-wife relationships in the Greco-Roman context through an exegetical analysis of 1 Peter 3:1–7. It compares ancient dynamics with the cultural traditions of the Hema people in the northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, showing how socio-cultural values shape the understanding of Scripture's teachings on marriage. The discussion begins with an analysis of the patriarchal family structure in Greco-Roman society, in which the father's authority was firmly established on both legal and social levels. 1 Peter 3:1–7 encourages wives to live respectfully and urges husbands to honor their wives as co-heirs of God's grace, emphasizing respect in their husband-wife relationship. The study then examines matrimonial practices among the Hema, in which unions are often established through family alliances and reinforced by the payment of a dowry before marriage. The husband is recognized as the head of the family, and the wife plays a central role in domestic life and in transmitting cultural values to children. Although the Hema matrimonial organization reflects some patriarchal characteristics similar to those of the Greco-Roman world, it also encourages consultation and cooperation between the spouses. The results indicate that reading 1 Peter 3:1–7 across various cultural contexts can shed light on its principles and support the development of balanced, respectful husband-wife relationships within the Hema community today.