“Authorities that Exist have been Established by God”: The Nature and Extent of Christian Duty to Governing Authorities in Romans 13:1-7

Abstract

In many countries, especially in Africa, many leaders ascend into power with allegations of rigging, corruption, murder, and other vices. Thus, when these leaders attain power and authority, they serve their interests rather than their subjects. At the helm of their tenure, many of these leaders employ similar methods to retain control. Having this background in mind, the Apostle Paul’s instruction in Romans 13:1-7 to submit to governing authorities seems problematic. Among other things, he argues that God has established authorities that exist. What is the meaning and application of this biblical text in contexts where repressive regimes reign? The research uses the exegetical approach to examine Paul’s arguments on Christian responsibility, response, and relationship with governing authorities. The biblical text affirms that God has ordained governing authorities and entrusted rulers with delegated power. Expectedly, leaders ought to serve as God’s servants, thus making it easy for Christians to submit, honor, and pay required taxes. However, even in cases where leaders fail to be God’s servants, the purposes of God remain unthwarted. The biblical idea of submission must thus be in line with the whole law of God— the believer only to what is in line with God’s will.